The Arduino Uno is a type of ATmega328-based microprocessor board, and Uno is an Italian word meaning "one." The Arduino Uno moniker was chosen to commemorate the imminent launch of the Arduino Uno Board 1.0, a microprocessor board. Digital input/output pins-14, a power jack, analog I/ps-6, ceramics resonator-A16 MHz, a Universal Serial Bus connection, a reset button, and an ICSP header are all included on this PCB. By linking this PCB to the PC, all of these could assist the microprocessor for future functioning.  An AC to DC adapter, a Universal Serial Bus connection, or a battery could all be utilized for powering this board. What an ATmega328  is, pin setup, characteristics and applications are all covered in this article.

What is Arduino Uno ATmega328? 

The ATmega328 seems to be a single-chip microprocessor designed by Atmel that's part of the megaAVR series. It  has a Harvard-style structure using an eight-bit RISC processing core. Arduino Pro Mini, Nano, Due, Mega, and Leonardo are a few of the Arduino Uno ATmega328 boards available.

Features of Arduino Uno Board

These are some of the characteristics of the Arduino Uno ATmega328 Microcontroller:

5V is the operational voltage.

The suggested input voltage would be between 7 and 12 volts.

The input voltage varies between 6 and 20 volts.

There are fourteen digital I/O pins and six analog I/O pins. For 3.3V, the power for every I/O pin is 40 mA DC. The current drawn by the pin is 50 milliamperes.

A total of 32 Kilobyte of flash memory is available.

SRAM has a capacity of 2 Kilobyte.

Clock Speed is 16 MHz

Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory is 1 Kilobyte.

Physical Characteristics

The height and breadth of Arduino boards are the most important physical qualities. Its PCB is 2.7" X 2.1" in height and breadth, although the power jack and Universal Serial Bus connector would go beyond this dimension. Alternatively, the casing featuring the screw holes could be utilized when mounting the board to the surface.

Pinout for the Arduino Uno 

Power pins, analog pins, ATmegs328, ICSP header, RST button, power Light Emitting Diode, digital pins, test Light Emitting Diode 13, Transmitter/Receiver pins, Universal Serial Bus interface, and an outside power source may all be found on the Arduino Uno board. The following is an overview of the Arduino UNO board:

Power Supply: The Arduino Uno could be powered using either a USB connection or an outside power supply. A battery or an AC to DC adapter are the most common outside power supplies. The Arduino Uno could be linked to the adapters by inserting it into the Arduino board's power port. Likewise, the battery traces could be linked to the POWER linker's Voltage input and Ground pins. The recommended voltage variety is from 7 to 12V.

Input and Output (I&O): Through the assistance of routines such as pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and Digital Read(), the Arduino Uno's fourteen digital pins could be utilized as input and output ().

iPins 1 (Transmitter) and 0 (Receiver) (Serial): They're utilized for sending and receiving Transmitter-Transistor Logic serial data, and are linked to the ATmega8U2 Universal Serial Bus to Transmitter-Transistor Logic Serial chips corresponding pins.

Pin 2 & Pin 3 (External Interrupts): External pins could be utilized in triggering interrupts whenever a minimum level or modification in values is detected.

Pin-13 (LED): This pin could be utilized in connecting the built-in Light Emitting Diode (digital pin). Anytime the pin is LOW, the LED is enabled like the HIGH-value pin.

Analog Reference Voltage: This Voltage is for analog i/ps featuring analogReference().

RST pin: It is utilized when resetting the microprocessor.

Memory: This Atmega328 Arduino microprocessor has 32 Kilobyte of flash memory to store codes, 2 Kilobyte of SRAM, and 1 Kilobyte of Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

Communication: Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter Transmitter-Transistor Logic-serial communication is available on digital pins Transmitter (1) and Receiver (1) on the Arduino Uno ATmega328 (0). An Arduino's software features a serial monitor which allows for quick data entry. Whenever data is disseminated via the Universal Serial Bus, two Light Emitting Diodes on the board, Receiver and Transmitter, would blink.

Serial communication is possible on the Arduino Uno digital pins thanks to the SoftwareSerial library, and the ATmega328P supports both TWI and SPI connection. Its  software includes a connected library that makes using the Inter-Integrated Circuit bus much easier.

How to Utilize an Arduino Uno?

From the input, the Arduino Uno could identify the environment. The input is a range of detectors, which could influence its environment by operating motors, lights, and other devices, among other things. The Arduino board's ATmega328 microprocessor could be controlled using the Arduino programming language and IDE. When operating on a computer Arduino creations could connect via software.

Applications of Arduino Uno ATmega328

These are some of the Arduino Uno ATmega328's uses:

It is a prototype board for DIY applications.

When it comes to creating initiatives that rely on code-based controls.

Automated Systems Development.

Simple circuit layouts are created.

Conclusion

Consequently, we could infer that the ATmega328P microprocessor features many parts for assisting the microprocessor, such as serial connectivity, crystal oscillator, and voltage regulators. A Universal Serial Bus connection, digital input/output pins 14 and 6, analog input/output pins 6, a power-barrel jack, a RST button, and an ICSP header are all included on this PCB.