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CNCFia

Shield/Daughter card for 3.3v MCU based CNC firmwares

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CNCFia objective is to make it easier to wire/manage a CNC machine using any of the 3.3v MCU ports of GRBL or g2core. It provides opto-isolated limit switches, PWM to analog voltage for spindlers, as well as control for external drivers like TB6600 and DM542.

Things I shoved on the board so far:

  • 32 Pin connector: So, it's not anything really impressive, but instead of making a shield that has connections for a specific MCU, I just made it a 2.54mm header. That way I can connect the pins from any MCU to it, and use the firmware. That will allow me not only to test firmwares fastly, it also makes wiring and rewiring less of a nightmare. So, I consider that a feature :)

  • Opto-isolated switches: switches can run at 5V and the opto-isolators will help preventing noise. The GNDs are shared tho, so not that good on actual electrical isolation but should help nevertheless. There are also connections for control switches that are not opto isolated but are pulled up via resistors too

  • EEPROM: 16k EEPROM with i2c interfaces to write to it. GRBL HAL port seem to support it and others may in the future

  • Step up for drivers: using mosfets, steps up the 3.3v pulse/enable/direction signals for external drivers to 5V, what should work with most external drivers

  • PWM to Analog V: Controlling the speed on some VFDs is usually done by a 0-10V voltage signal. This apparently was what was mostly used on the Mach3 clones and desktop CNCs, so I went with it. Has a potentiometer that can theoretically make that 0-5V too
  • Relays: Four relays with 250V/10A support, two of them connected to the Spindle Enable/Direction pins (since the same VFDs that I mentioned on the step above also can use that to control direction/enabling the spindle) and two of them are connected to the coolant pins (flood and mist)

Things I am thinking about adding/changing:

Remove 5V: I noticed that not all MCUs in the market have a 5V output pin, what will force people to use an external 5V source anyway. So maybe I will use a 12V (since I need it for the VFD signal) and use a voltage regulator to provide 5V where needed. OTOH if the relays are the only ones that need 5V I will just change them to 12V relays. 12V would be interesting to use on the limit and switches in general, since more volts means less changes of noise interference

Maybe support for a 4 axis: I also noticed that while machines with more than 3 axis are not that common or supported by the standard GRBL, there are many ports that are adding 4 or even 6+ axis, so having extra support for two limit switches and an extra driver may be a thing

  • Testing the circuits

    José Júnior02/17/2020 at 06:13 0 comments

    I simulated all the circuits that I have on my schematic, but I want to make sure I am not missing anything so I got some components and am testing it. I ran out of mosfets to test the driver stepping up and the relays, so I should that this week.


    The 0-10V PWM converter works very well and can be finally regulated. The opto-isolated switches also respond without any visible delay (at least not one I can notice on my DSO handheld oscilloscope, maybe a real professional equipment can see something but should not make that much difference in the end).

    Also started looking into reflow oven mods for toaster ovens. I found some projects so far but all them have custom pcbs that are kinda expensive (like Controleo). I have some stm32s laying around maybe I will cook something with it.

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