I suppose it's due to the relatively small battery, but things seem to go pretty unevenly as it charges and discharges. I am still using a strictly linear approximation for how much battery remains, but I'm a little skeptical that it's correct or any more than grossly meaningful. I draw a bar along one of the long edges of the display to show the remaining battery.

I verified by checking registers in the AXP192 that the automatic shutdown voltage is 3.0v, as documented for the M5StickC. FWIW, the L1 and L2 warning levels are 3.45v and 3.40v, respectively, but they are not used for anything by default.

With my previously described technique of recording the high and low voltages observed, the lowest I ever saw was a little above 3.4v. I suspected it was the granularity of the 10 minute intervals that was givng me that puzzling value, so I changed the timing to observe and record the low voltage every 40 seconds, and that showed me a low voltage of 3.0778v. That pretty much confirms that the AXP192 is behaving as expected and shutting things down at 3.0v.