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Servo turret

A turret that can shoot small wooden spear towards any target within 3 meters. it's also enabled with an camera and app controls to make aim

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An Esp32-cam module controlled turret, with ability to broadcast live video feed from the turret over Wi-Fi. The turret's aim is controlled by 2 servos. the triggering mechanism includes 2 dc motors (acting as shooter) and one servo (acting as trigger). Using an app the turret's video can be accessed and the app also have the controls to aim and shoot. the app and the turret is connected over Wi-Fi.

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  • 1 × esp32 camera module
  • 3 × 9g servo motors
  • 2 × dc motor
  • 1 × 3D printed parts
  • 8 × wooden sticks

View all 2 project logs

  • 1
    upload this code to the esp32 camera module, change the ssid and password aaccording to your wifi
    /*********
      Rui Santos
      Complete instructions at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp32-cam-projects-ebook/
      
      Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files.
      The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
    *********/
    
    #include "esp_camera.h"
    #include <WiFi.h>
    #include "esp_timer.h"
    #include "img_converters.h"
    #include "Arduino.h"
    #include "fb_gfx.h"
    #include "soc/soc.h"             // disable brownout problems
    #include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h"    // disable brownout problems
    #include "esp_http_server.h"
    #include <ESP32Servo.h>
    
    // Replace with your network credentials
    /**/
    const char* ssid = "yo";
    const char* password = "12345678";
    
    
    #define PART_BOUNDARY "123456789000000000000987654321"
    
    #define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
    //#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM
    //#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WITHOUT_PSRAM
    //#define CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM_B
    //#define CAMERA_MODEL_WROVER_KIT
    
    #if defined(CAMERA_MODEL_WROVER_KIT)
      #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM    -1
      #define RESET_GPIO_NUM   -1
      #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM    21
      #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM    26
      #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM    27
      
      #define Y9_GPIO_NUM      35
      #define Y8_GPIO_NUM      34
      #define Y7_GPIO_NUM      39
      #define Y6_GPIO_NUM      36
      #define Y5_GPIO_NUM      19
      #define Y4_GPIO_NUM      18
      #define Y3_GPIO_NUM       5
      #define Y2_GPIO_NUM       4
      #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM   25
      #define HREF_GPIO_NUM    23
      #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM    22
    
    #elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM)
      #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     -1
      #define RESET_GPIO_NUM    15
      #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM     27
      #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     25
      #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     23
      
      #define Y9_GPIO_NUM       19
      #define Y8_GPIO_NUM       36
      #define Y7_GPIO_NUM       18
      #define Y6_GPIO_NUM       39
      #define Y5_GPIO_NUM        5
      #define Y4_GPIO_NUM       34
      #define Y3_GPIO_NUM       35
      #define Y2_GPIO_NUM       32
      #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    22
      #define HREF_GPIO_NUM     26
      #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     21
    
    #elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_WITHOUT_PSRAM)
      #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     -1
      #define RESET_GPIO_NUM    15
      #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM     27
      #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     25
      #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     23
      
      #define Y9_GPIO_NUM       19
      #define Y8_GPIO_NUM       36
      #define Y7_GPIO_NUM       18
      #define Y6_GPIO_NUM       39
      #define Y5_GPIO_NUM        5
      #define Y4_GPIO_NUM       34
      #define Y3_GPIO_NUM       35
      #define Y2_GPIO_NUM       17
      #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    22
      #define HREF_GPIO_NUM     26
      #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     21
    
    #elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER)
      #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
      #define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
      #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
      #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
      #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27
      
      #define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
      #define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
      #define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
      #define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
      #define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
      #define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
      #define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
      #define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
      #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
      #define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
      #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22
    
    #elif defined(CAMERA_MODEL_M5STACK_PSRAM_B)
      #define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     -1
      #define RESET_GPIO_NUM    15
      #define XCLK_GPIO_NUM     27
      #define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     22
      #define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     23
      
      #define Y9_GPIO_NUM       19
      #define Y8_GPIO_NUM       36
      #define Y7_GPIO_NUM       18
      #define Y6_GPIO_NUM       39
      #define Y5_GPIO_NUM        5
      #define Y4_GPIO_NUM       34
      #define Y3_GPIO_NUM       35
      #define Y2_GPIO_NUM       32
      #define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
      #define HREF_GPIO_NUM     26
      #define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     21
    
    #else
      #error "Camera model not selected"
    #endif
    
    #define SERVO_1      12 // base
    #define SERVO_2      13 // up down fixed
    #define SERVO_3      15 // trigger
    
    #define motorPin     14
    
    #define SERVO_STEP   1
    
    Servo servoN1;
    Servo servoN2;
    Servo servo1;
    Servo servo2;
    
    int servo1Pos = 90;
    int servo2Pos = 90;
    
    static const char* _STREAM_CONTENT_TYPE = "multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=" PART_BOUNDARY;
    static const char* _STREAM_BOUNDARY = "\r\n--" PART_BOUNDARY "\r\n";
    static const char* _STREAM_PART = "Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\nContent-Length: %u\r\n\r\n";
    
    httpd_handle_t camera_httpd = NULL;
    httpd_handle_t stream_httpd = NULL;
    
    static const char PROGMEM INDEX_HTML[] = R"rawliteral(
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>ESP32-CAM turret</title>
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
        <style>
          body { font-family: Arial; text-align: center; margin:0px auto; padding-top: 30px;}
          img {  width: auto ;
            max-width: 100% ;
            height: auto ; 
          }
        </style>
      </head>
      <body>
        <img src="" id="photo" >
       <script>
       function toggleCheckbox(x) {
         var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
         xhr.open("GET", "/action?go=" + x, true);
         xhr.send();
       }
       window.onload = document.getElementById("photo").src = window.location.href.slice(0, -1) + ":81/stream";
       document.getElementById("photo").style.transform = 'rotate(' + 90 + 'deg)';
      </script>
      </body>
    </html>
    )rawliteral";
    
    static esp_err_t index_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
      httpd_resp_set_type(req, "text/html");
      return httpd_resp_send(req, (const char *)INDEX_HTML, strlen(INDEX_HTML));
    }
    
    /*
    
     <div>
            <h4>Rotate Image</h4> 
            <button class="button" onclick="rotateLeft()">«</button>
            <button class="button" onclick="rotateRight()">»</button>
        </div>    
    </body>
    <script>
      var deg = 0;
      function rotateLeft() {
        deg -= 90;
        if ( deg <0 ) deg = 360;
        console.log("Rotate image to left");
        document.getElementById("stream").style.transform = 'rotate(' + deg + 'deg)';
      }function rotateRight() {
        deg += 90;
        if ( deg > 360 ) deg = 0;
        console.log("Rotate image to right");
        document.getElementById("stream").style.transform = 'rotate(' + deg + 'deg)';
      }
    </script>
    
    */
    
    static esp_err_t stream_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
      camera_fb_t * fb = NULL;
      esp_err_t res = ESP_OK;
      size_t _jpg_buf_len = 0;
      uint8_t * _jpg_buf = NULL;
      char * part_buf[64];
    
      res = httpd_resp_set_type(req, _STREAM_CONTENT_TYPE);
      if(res != ESP_OK){
        return res;
      }
    
      while(true){
        fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
        if (!fb) {
          Serial.println("Camera capture failed");
          res = ESP_FAIL;
        } else {
          if(fb->width > 400){
            if(fb->format != PIXFORMAT_JPEG){
              bool jpeg_converted = frame2jpg(fb, 80, &_jpg_buf, &_jpg_buf_len);
              esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
              fb = NULL;
              if(!jpeg_converted){
                Serial.println("JPEG compression failed");
                res = ESP_FAIL;
              }
            } else {
              _jpg_buf_len = fb->len;
              _jpg_buf = fb->buf;
            }
          }
        }
        if(res == ESP_OK){
          size_t hlen = snprintf((char *)part_buf, 64, _STREAM_PART, _jpg_buf_len);
          res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, (const char *)part_buf, hlen);
        }
        if(res == ESP_OK){
          res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, (const char *)_jpg_buf, _jpg_buf_len);
        }
        if(res == ESP_OK){
          res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, _STREAM_BOUNDARY, strlen(_STREAM_BOUNDARY));
        }
        if(fb){
          esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
          fb = NULL;
          _jpg_buf = NULL;
        } else if(_jpg_buf){
          free(_jpg_buf);
          _jpg_buf = NULL;
        }
        if(res != ESP_OK){
          break;
        }
        //Serial.printf("MJPG: %uB\n",(uint32_t)(_jpg_buf_len));
      }
      return res;
    }
    
    static esp_err_t cmd_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
      char*  buf;
      size_t buf_len;
      char variable[32] = {0,};
      
      buf_len = httpd_req_get_url_query_len(req) + 1;
      if (buf_len > 1) {
        buf = (char*)malloc(buf_len);
        if(!buf){
          httpd_resp_send_500(req);
          return ESP_FAIL;
        }
        if (httpd_req_get_url_query_str(req, buf, buf_len) == ESP_OK) {
          if (httpd_query_key_value(buf, "go", variable, sizeof(variable)) == ESP_OK) {
          } else {
            free(buf);
            httpd_resp_send_404(req);
            return ESP_FAIL;
          }
        } else {
          free(buf);
          httpd_resp_send_404(req);
          return ESP_FAIL;
        }
        free(buf);
      } else {
        httpd_resp_send_404(req);
        return ESP_FAIL;
      }
    
      sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
      //flip the camera vertically
      //s->set_vflip(s, 1);          // 0 = disable , 1 = enable
      // mirror effect
      //s->set_hmirror(s, 1);          // 0 = disable , 1 = enable
    
      int res = 0;
      
      if(!strcmp(variable, "l")) {
        //servo1.attach(SERVO_1, 1000, 2000);
        if(servo1Pos <= 175) {
          servo1Pos += SERVO_STEP;
          servo1.write(servo1Pos);
        }
        Serial.println(servo1Pos);
        Serial.println("left");
      }
      else if(!strcmp(variable, "u")) {
        if(servo2Pos <= 175) {
          servo2Pos += SERVO_STEP;
          servo2.write(servo2Pos);
        }
        Serial.println(servo2Pos);
        Serial.println("up");
      }
      else if(!strcmp(variable, "d")) {
        if(servo2Pos >= 5) {
          servo2Pos -= SERVO_STEP;
          servo2.write(servo2Pos);
        }
        Serial.println(servo2Pos);
        Serial.println("down");
      }
      else if(!strcmp(variable, "r")) {
        //servo1.attach(SERVO_1, 1000, 2000);
        if(servo1Pos >= 5) {
          servo1Pos -= SERVO_STEP;
          servo1.write(servo1Pos);
        }
        Serial.println(servo1Pos);
        Serial.println("right");
      }
      else if(!strcmp(variable, "m")) {
        digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
        Serial.println("motorr on");
      }
      else if(!strcmp(variable, "n")) {
        digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
        Serial.println("motorr off");
      }
      else if(!strcmp(variable, "f")) {
        digitalWrite(motorPin, LOW);
        servo1.detach();
        delay(10);
        servo1.attach(15, 550, 2400);
        servo1.setPeriodHertz(50);
        delay(1000);
        servo1.write(20);
        Serial.println("paniccc!");
        delay(2000);
        servo1.write(180);
        Serial.println("claam!!");
        delay(2000);
        servo1.detach();
        delay(10);
        servo1.attach(12, 550, 2400);
        servo1.setPeriodHertz(50);
        digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
      }
      else {
        res = -1;
      }
    
      if(res){
        return httpd_resp_send_500(req);
      }
    
      httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, "Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
      return httpd_resp_send(req, NULL, 0);
    }
    
    void startCameraServer(){
      httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
      config.server_port = 80;
      httpd_uri_t index_uri = {
        .uri       = "/",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = index_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
      };
    
      httpd_uri_t cmd_uri = {
        .uri       = "/action",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = cmd_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
      };
      httpd_uri_t stream_uri = {
        .uri       = "/stream",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = stream_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
      };
      if (httpd_start(&camera_httpd, &config) == ESP_OK) {
        httpd_register_uri_handler(camera_httpd, &index_uri);
        httpd_register_uri_handler(camera_httpd, &cmd_uri);
      }
      config.server_port += 1;
      config.ctrl_port += 1;
      if (httpd_start(&stream_httpd, &config) == ESP_OK) {
        httpd_register_uri_handler(stream_httpd, &stream_uri);
      }
    }
    
    void setup() {
      pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
      WRITE_PERI_REG(RTC_CNTL_BROWN_OUT_REG, 0); //disable brownout detector
      servo1.setPeriodHertz(50);    // standard 50 hz servo
      servo2.setPeriodHertz(50);    // standard 50 hz servo
      servoN1.attach(2, 1000, 2000);
      servoN2.attach(2, 1000, 2000);
      
      servo1.attach(SERVO_1, 550, 2400);
      servo2.attach(SERVO_2, 550, 2400);
      
      servo1.write(servo1Pos);
      servo2.write(servo2Pos);
      
      Serial.begin(115200);
      Serial.setDebugOutput(false);
      delay(1000);
      digitalWrite(motorPin, HIGH);
      camera_config_t config;
      config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
      config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
      config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
      config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
      config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
      config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG; 
      
      if(psramFound()){
        config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_VGA;
        config.jpeg_quality = 10;
        config.fb_count = 2;
      } else {
        config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
        config.jpeg_quality = 12;
        config.fb_count = 1;
      }
      
      // Camera init
      esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
      if (err != ESP_OK) {
        Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
        return;
      }
      // Wi-Fi connection
      WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
      while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        delay(500);
        Serial.print(".");
      }
      Serial.println("");
      Serial.println("WiFi connected");
      
      Serial.print("Camera Stream Ready! Go to: http://");
      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
      
      // Start streaming web server
      startCameraServer();
    }
    
    void loop() {
      
    }
    
  • 2
    make the circuit connections, i have used a Zero PCB and shouldered the components

    schematic 

  • 3
    assemble the 3D parts and mount the PCB to the 3D parts

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