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SLS4All - Affordable SLS 3D Printer

Design, development and build of an open-sourced SLS 3D Printer suitable for hobby users.

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Design, construction and testing of an open source desktop 3D printer using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology. The goal of the project is to develop an SLS 3D printer of the quality of commercial SLS desktop printers, but affordable for hobby users.

Project homepage: https://SLS4all.com
Discord: https://discord.com/invite/qDFNFASM57
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/SLS4All

<< 23/03/2024 >>

It took me almost 3.5 years, but I finally achieved the print quality I dreamed of when I started this project. I'm really happy that the printer is working reliably and its release time is fast approaching. Below is a small sample of recen print outputs.

<< 28/11/2023 >>

Testing and tuning of the realease candidate version of my DIY SLS 3D printer is in full swing.

Here is one of really early prints:

<< 24/07/2023 >>

If you're wondering what are the differences between the first prototype and the second evolution of my printer, this video is for you.



<<Current Build Status Of The Updated Printer Version: 09/03/2023>>

Check out the project homepage or join Discord for more information.

<< First Parts of The Updated Printer Version Are Here: 08/12/2022 >>

<< Design of Updated Version: 15/09/2022 >>

<< Printer Testing: 13/08/2022 >>

<< Recoater after redesign: 05/05/2022 >>

<< Current Status: 04/2022 >>

<< Project Details >>

I decided to use the ordinary arrangement of the SLS printers. It means to have two chambers with the moving beds. One as the powder reservoir (powder chamber) and the second one for the printing outputs (print chamber). The printing material (PA12 powder) will be moved layer by layer from the powder to print chamber using wiping mechanism. 

<< Frame >>

Frame construction is made from the so called 2020 extruded aluminum profiles (20x20mm). All the walls are from the 3mm thick aluminum plates.

Even though I designed the frame as two-skin I had some troubles with the heat in early stage. Therefore, Teflon (PTFE) is used at meaningful frame joints and the rock wool insulates the top skin form the inside heat.

<< Chambers >>

The dimensions of the chambers are 220x175x200 mm for the powder reservoir and 175x175x200 mm for the print chamber. It should allow me to print the range form small to mid-sized parts. I would like to have the effective print volume somewhere around 150x150x180mm.

<< Recoater >>

I decided to go in the way of counter rolling mechanism instead of simple piece of aluminum plate. I choose this way because the quality of the layers is one of the parameters directly affecting printing quality.

<< Heating >>

I proposed quite comprehensive heating system. It can be seen as an overkill, but hopefully, it will do what it should. I want to achieve maximal temperature uniformity possible across the material in both powder and print chamber. It means I want to have the temperature control on every single side of both chambers, including the beds. Another 4 independent halogen heaters will be used to heat the top layer surface.

<< X & Y axis >>

I want my printer to be quicker that FDM ones. Therefore, I have to avoid common Cartesian X and Y axis layout. Why? Even if the X and Y moves would be at the same decent speeds as the FDM printers do, total print speed will be much slower because of layer preparation time overhead. Therefore, I decided to go in a way of galvanometers (galvos).

<< Laser source >>

Laser source will be the 5W blue laser diode (wavelength of 445 nm). It is the most cost-effective solution but as with anything, you pay for its low price in another way. This mostly relates to the shape of the laser beam source and specifics while focusing it – especially for the relatively long distance.

<< Hardware >>

Summary of requirements placed on the printer’s control hardware interfaces:

  • 3 step motors and their drivers for Z1, Z2 and R axis. I decided to use the latest TMC 2209 drivers because of their quietness and power. I also intend to use the sensor-less homing functions
  • interfaces for driving X and Z axis by galvanometers
  • number GPIO interfaces for the heating system and for fans. It means 10 GPIO pins for chamber heaters, 4 pins for print area surface heaters, 2 pins for fan groups (air in/air out), pins for IR thermo-camera ...
Read more »

  • First Test Prints Of The Releace Candidate Version

    Tomas Starek11/28/2023 at 08:41 2 comments

    Hunt For The Best Print Quality - Close To The Perfect Setup?

    Testing and tuning of the release candidate version of my DIY SLS 3D printer is in full swing. It's been over a year since testing my first prototype, so I've been full of anticipation and uncertainty. I'm happy to report that testing of my new version, which I call the Inova MK1, is well under way. The first results after solving many, many issues look really promising.

    Winter is here :-)

  • First Prototype vs. Release Candidate: Design Changes

    Tomas Starek07/24/2023 at 11:57 0 comments

    If you're wondering what I was working on in last 10 months, here is the vid showing the design changes of my printer I've made to the second evolution of my printer ;-)

  • Release Candidate: Build Status

    Tomas Starek03/09/2023 at 12:27 0 comments

    Work on the upgraded version of the printer has progressed on all fronts, including firmware and software.

    I dare to call it a Release Candidate, and I firmly believe it will be.

    After thorough testing, I will fine-tune the documentation, which will then be available as open source.

  • Design of updated version is finished - fabrication stage started!

    Tomas Starek12/13/2022 at 17:42 0 comments

    I have finished designing an updated version of my SLS 3D printer. I have now started to produce individual parts and components. I have begun fabricating the printer cover panels and will continue with the construction of the frame from the extruded aluminum profiles.

  • This Will Be An Open Source - Updated Version Of Inova Printer

    Tomas Starek09/17/2022 at 13:07 0 comments

    Based on the recent print tests I realized I am much too close to the physical limits of the current printer prototype to get the best print quality I can. Therefore, I decided to focus my efforts on the development of the updated version which addresses these limits. From my perspective it is more time effective than to upgrade first prototype.

    I have already finished the design of the bottom printer's part. The top printer’s part is finished from say 80%, so I think I will start building it in about a month. If it works well, I plan to gradually release this version as an open source.

  • Printer testing video is here!

    Tomas Starek08/14/2022 at 10:19 0 comments

    It's been a struggle with time, but finally the video is out showing the testing of the printer :-)

  • Q: Will be kits sometime available? A: YES!

    Tomas Starek06/26/2022 at 11:03 1 comment

    I had some time to think about "the kit" and I have, I hope, a good news because your interest persuaded me to do it.

    My short-plan is as follows: 

    1) I need to tune the printer to make nice, repeatable prints. I believe it should not take too long. It could be done in a couple of weeks. Simultaneously, I plan to start some preparatory activities for kit. These will mostly relate to organizational and logistical aspects.

    2) Make design changes I am calling v2 and do the documentation - drawings, assembly manual, source codes, etc.

    3) Build and test v2. Here will be also a good space to fine-tune assembly manual, etc.

    4) Finalize all the manufacturing and logistical aspects, announce prices, delivery dates, etc.

    5) Open pre-orders, start making kits and publish the Inova documentation (DXFs, STLs, manuals, FW, SW, ...)

    6) Support you in building your own Inova (kit or your own build from scratch) :-)

    When it will be?

    It is not a small bite but I will do my best to be able to deliver first kits to you by the end of autumn. Let's fingers crossed. I will keep you informed about the progress of the steps above on a regular basis.

  • Print bed surface heat consistency

    Tomas Starek05/20/2022 at 15:25 0 comments

    As a result of the last print test I spent many hours by finding the right way how to ensure the best possible heat distribution/consistency across the print bed surface. Problem was, some areas of bed surface were under or over heated.

    I ended up with new halogen shielding and quite simple procedure how to tune it. Unfortunately, current design of the topFrame limits me in making heat distribution good enough for the whole print bed area. As a result of that I must use smaller print space in the Y axis for further testing. It will be around 130mm instead of 150mm. But good is, that it should not be problem to fixed that. So, the final working area will be still 150x150mm 😉

    Here is the pict of what I am talking about. The orange rectangle is the 150x150mm effective print area - it is rectangle because of camera view perspective. I need to have the temps diffs max about 2.5°C. Therefore, the top and bottom row inside the rectangle is a bit problematic. The test was done for 100°C.


    When I checked video from the last print, there was a diffs range up to 5+°C :-o

    I will make the next print test in coming days.

  • Initial test prints: the PA12 print profile experiments

    Tomas Starek05/11/2022 at 20:02 0 comments

    I did 3 tests past two weeks and here are the results. If you are intersted in more details please join Discord - https://discord.com/invite/qDFNFASM57

     Test nr. 1 - first few sintered layers on my printer ever!

    Test nr. 2 - moving forward, now it starts to be really 3D :-)

    Test nr. 3 - last time numbers were not printed. Now they are! Few more print tests like this one and then Benchy is waiting :-)

  • Recoater rebuild: Part 2

    Tomas Starek05/03/2022 at 20:40 0 comments

    Recoater rebuild is done. I did a few tests today and it looks very promisingly. It is smooth, silent and rigid enough. I will heavily test it in next days.

    -

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  • 1
    Please visit the project home page for more information.

    https://SLS4All.com

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Discussions

technical.jw wrote 08/14/2022 at 15:51 point

have a look at high speed sintering, a dark part profile on white powder is sintered by passing a halogen heater across the surface, leaving the white powder unsintered.

means having a printhead instead of a laser.

  Are you sure? yes | no

Tomas Starek wrote 08/15/2022 at 09:05 point

Thanks for the tip, I will definitely look at it.

  Are you sure? yes | no

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