I happened upon some brilliant code on github for doing optical flow in the browser. Open this URL in your smartphone, then go to the "Zone" demo (the Pong one is fun but doesn't give the detail to show what is happening). Allow it to access your camera, then instead of moving your hand, as instructed, just tip the phone slowly left and right, as if it were being moved on a robot. Note that the yellow dot does a good job of tracking rotation. 

https://anvaka.github.io/oflow/

If you move too fast, it loses track, but that can be adjusted, and for a slower moving (careful) version of the bot, it might be just fine, at least when combined with the compass and other sensors in the phone. 

The code is open source (note the Fork me...) 

Just another example of the amazing robotic control things that can be done in a smartphone browser without installing anything.