Replica of the PDP-1: PiDP-1

Or maybe, experiencing Vintage Lisp. The PDP-1 Lisp had a remarkable origin story. Not only was it quite a feat to get any Lisp on a machine as puny as a 4Kw PDP-1, the REPL concept was invented along the way too. By Peter Deutsch, at the time a high school student who got himself behind MIT's PDP-1.

The odd thing is - it is quite enjoyable to use even today. Once you figure out the little front panel intricacies. We did a write-up here: 

https://obsolescence.dev/pdp1-lisp-introduction.html

A picture of the setup Angelo and I used this week for a PiDP-1 development sprint:

This was our home base for a great week. Bill Ezell has added cool things like drum storage and character generators to the PiDP-1, we had work to do. Also, the leftmost PiDP-1 can be seen with only 12 bits active. This is our new easter egg in the PiDP-1: it has a hidden PDP-5 mode starting next week.

Due to Mike Hill coming to visit with a very intriguing 4 instruction Blinky demo program:

PDP-5 coding on the PDP-1 is reasonable

Before retrogaming came paleogaming. The video and terminal games written before the arrival of the microprocessor (yuck) - they are known by name by gaming history enthusiasts, but not many have tried them. Spacewar, Lunar Lander, Star Trek, the original Colossal Cave and Adventure.

We want to add a paleogaming mode to the PiDP-1, where all of these games boot up quickly, ready to play without any setup hassle. Work starts in two weeks. It will require PDP-10/11/8 and even Whirlwind simulators installed in the PiDP-1 innards, and some simh scripting to make it all work flawless.

But then, we will look at the PiDP-1 as the one and only paleogaming console :-)

To be continued!

Well, almost. We're shipping 5-6 PiDP-1s per day at the moment, working our way through the waitlist of daring early adopters. Thank you, all of you! We really, really appreciate the confidence.

Now, we're waiting for parts to make the next 300. Over on the PiDP-1 Google Group, the fun has started. So far: a new disassembler, a new cross-assembler, a Forth and a Lisp (in Forth amazingly) have been written, plus a toolbox to inspect and convert paper tape images.

We've gotten Lisp to work, and the standard development suite of Expensive Typewriter (oops, Symbolic Tape Editor in DEC's own words), MACRO and DDT. 

And work is underway to hook up modern I2C peripherals.

We're having fun! You do not need to have the PiDP-1 hardware to join in, the virtual front panel version works just fine on a Pi, Linux laptop or even Windows WSL2: PiDP-1 Github repository. Please come and join the fun. Plenty of software archaeology left to do (who will bring up FORTRAN?)

I think this little video is interesting for more than just vintage computer fans: it shows how we made a very complex-shaped case out of just PCB panels. It took a lot of experimentation (see earlier log posts) but it works extremely well. The end result is a case that is so strong, you can drop it from 5 feet on a concrete floor. We tested that, although not on purpose.

Here is the video:

...And look further down in the log posts for technical details. Perfecting this trick saved us a small fortune (which the budget actually did not allow for) compared to other case-building techniques like injection molding (yuck).

Meanwhile, we're busy packing up the first 200 kits :-)

It took much longer than expected, because of recurring logistical trouble. There's a lot of parts in the PiDP-1, and that made it a real logistical nightmare. Custom-designed aluminum profiles were one challenge.

But: It's done. We started making PiDP-1 kits today!

Here is the smaller of the two variants we designed, the PiDP-1 Console, Does it look like a retro games console? That is the plan. We're starting to write some new games for the machine. The type 30 vector display is very fun to code for.

So, the hardware development has come to an end. Now comes the real fun: reviving the 1959 PDP-1 with a hopefully active community of users and programmers. For the latter, we're writing a book. "Democoding on the PDP-1: A gentle introduction". Because this was the original democoders' machine, and if it is up to us, it will be again.

An update - all parts to make 200 PiDP-1 kits have been ordered. We were forced to use sea container shipping to keep costs under control. Things like the custom aluminum frame are heavy - but so is shipping all the PCB parts for 200 kits: the case is constructed from FR4 PCB material, giving a nice chunky weight to our little replica - but alas, shipping spoils the fun a little bit :-)

We're now focusing on polishing up the software, and on writing a PDP-1 programming manual. Ambitiously called "Democoding for the PDP-1: A Gentle Introduction". Four of us started making some appealing graphics demos with fully commented step by step source code. This will be fun!

In other words, we increased the number of PDP-1s ever produced by 10% in two days :-)

Lots of polishing up still two do. We're hiding from the world for two weeks to get it all done. Probably <i>almost</i> all done. <i>Mostly done.</i>

So, we want to make the PiDP-1 a very affordable kit to make. Because, the more affordable the more chance that it will find its way to young coders who want to try their hand at PDP-1 programming!

But we're battling feature creep, we'll just have to add two spacewar controllers. The idea is to make it them tiny, low-cost PCBs that will do the job on their own, but at the same time, can be the PCB inside a proper custom-made wooden spacewar control box. As the original ones were all quite visibly one-off jobs too, a proper spacewar controller must look - artisanal.

But for those who do not like to tinker, they can use the PCB as-is:

As we had 36 extra IOs for lights or switches, we did spend the whole day thinking of other exotica to add. For instance, the three PDP-1s that made it onto Arpanet had extra button boxes - the time-sharing operating system used them to hook up multiple Teletypes. 

But we decided against such things, they can all be done in software and the kit is already a package of 15 PCBs as it stands. And though PCBs are cheap, it does add up.

We spent the last four days investigating how we can bring our PiDP-1 on Arpanet. Yes, really. Because (1) there is some major history there, and (2) there's a major new project from Lars Brinkhoff where this would be significant Icing On The Cake.

The history: so Arpanet consisted of IMP routers. Not very well-known is that the software for the IMPs was developed with the help of a PDP-1, at BBN by a small team called The IMP Guys. Actually, in the first-ever instance of remote software updates, the PDP-1 sent over-the-net software updates to all the IMP routers in the field. The PDP-1 also acted as the watchdog for Arpanet stability, constantly chatting to the IMPS in the field.

And as it happened, we were brought in touch with one of the actual IMP Guys at BBN - who did the coding. We found large parts of the PDP-1D time-sharing system (alas, in PDF format) and lots of technical memos from the IMP Guys. So - we now have to think about how impossible it would be, exactly, to get that all going again on the PiDP-1.

     Arpanet in 1973, with BBN and its PDP-1 in the top-right section

The major new project: Lars has brought up the simulator of the IMP hardware, running the original software, got the Arpanet code running on PDP-10s with ITS (so we 'have MIT up on Arpanet) and with WAITs (so we 'have Stanford up on Arpanet'). As well as PDP-11s running unix v6. Although, that's not quite up yet. Amazingly, he also wrote a Network Control Program for Linux - so any Linux box now connects to real or simulated IMPs and go out on Arpanet.

So - imagine, if we can get the PDP-1 at BBN online too, we'd have a pretty full reconstruction of Arpanet circa 1973. But reality now sets in - will we really be able to get the PDP-1's Network Control Program back? Large chunks outside the OS are missing and will have to be rewritten. 

   The PDP-1 at BBN, just before the Era of Arpanet

--> this is a call for help! If you have any old code, documents or papertapes relating to the PDP-1 at BBN, Stanford or USC, please, please let us know.