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LEGO Game Boy Functional Upgrade

Transforming the LEGO Game Boy kit into a fully playable emulation-based gaming device!

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The project is now functional! The main goal has been met, and more information will follow. All of the electronics was built from scratch. See the Part 1 video below! The current version has all the functionality you'd expect from a basic emulator console, with the LEGO buttons also working. Everything fits inside the LEGO shell. Features: Game Boy DMG Emulator, Game Boy Color Emulator, MicroSD card slot for ROMs, Speaker, Battery with USB-C port for charging / reflashing

Tindie waitlist is live!


PCB Design Files on GitHub

Firmware on GitHub

Part 2 video is in progress!

Full instructions for the build are in progress!

Goals

    • ✔ Must fit inside the official LEGO Game Boy Kit with minimal changes
    • ✔ Plays Game Boy ROMs from microSD card
    • ✔ D-pad, A, B, Start and Select buttons should work correctly
    • ✔ Powered by an internal rechargeable LiPo 
    • ✔ Must have sound via on-board speaker
    • ✔ Can be re-flashed and charged via USB-C
    • ✔ Needs a way to access the emulator menu without removing any LEGO

Design

The main PCB has been designed to fit in the available space inside the LEGO Game Boy, where the cartridge normally fits. This main board has the screen attached to the back and hosts all of the components other than the buttons. The buttons and D-pad are made functional via additional mini PCBs, membrane conductive pads, and some 3D printed spacers.

Due to space limitations, a 300mAh battery was chosen.

LEGO Changes

Some small changes were made to accommodate the electronics. Mainly removal of some parts, and a small number of substitutions which I'll document shortly.

Main Components (v1)

ComponentPurpose
Main PCBHolds the main electronics
ButtonBoard PCBs x3For locating underneath the 3 sets of buttons
JST SUR Wire Assembly (8-pin and 3-pin)Connects the Main PCB to the ButtonBoards PCBs
ESP32-S3-WROOM-1-N16R8Main SoC for running emulators, GPIO input for buttons
ER-TFT024-3 50-pin 2.4" LCD ScreenColour Screen
BQ24040DSQR, TLV75801PDRVBattery Charger + Voltage Regulator
ESD7104MUTAGESD protection
MAX98357A + CMS-160903-18SP-X8Sound Amplifier, Speaker
300mAh LiPO Battery with PH connectorBattery
3D printed partsSee below
Various tact switchesEmulator menu button, D-Pad, Select + Start
Silicon membrane x2For A+B buttons to feel right
MicroSD socketFor loading ROMs
USB-C socketCharging, updating firmware

Full BOM

Full BOM for Main PCB

Full BOM for ButtonBoard PCB

Other Essential Components

Firmware

The project utilises the excellent and very customisable Retro-Go firmware, which has support for Game Boy emulation and the ESP32-S3 SOC already built in. The main code changes are to map the GPIO pins correctly and set up the external DAC for the speaker. Some modifications are also needed to configure the touch screen and to add a volume control to the emulation menu, since we don't have dedicated controls for this. A final touch is to ensure that if only one ROM file exists on the SD card, it's automatically loaded boot, instead of a menu.

3D Printed Parts

3 Small 3D printed parts are needed to hold the A+B PCB in position, the select+start button spacers, and the emulator menu button. Those parts are here.

Tindie Kit

The Tindie Upgrade Kit (currently waitlist-only until I have some ready) contains the following:

- Fully populated Main PCB, flashed with latest firmware & emulators, tested
- Buttonboard PCBs with connection wires pre-soldered
- 300mAh Battery
- Screen
- Speaker
- All required additional LEGO parts to make space for the buttonboards
- Links to build instructions (no soldering required)
- USB-C internal extension cable
- Custom 3D printed parts for holding ButtonBoards in place
- Custom 3D printed part for holding USB-C socket

The kit does NOT include a microSD card (FAT32 formatted), or a USB-C cable

  • Button PCB designs

    Theremin Hero09/26/2025 at 21:19 0 comments

    Figuring out the space available for button PCBs and wiring to the main board requires accurate measurements of the partially assembled LEGO kit. Images of half-finished builds are helpful for rough measurements, but really we need a full 3D model of the build.

    Following a build video that a LEGO reviewer posted, I was able to virtually build the set in the excellent BrickLink Studio software. This then let me export the full 3D model as a .obj file, suitable for inspecting virtually and 3D printing physical size guides.

    Inspecting the model makes it clear that the space available underneath the buttons is barely larger than the buttons themselves. And with the D-pad, there is a rubber gromit that needs to fit through the middle that allows the part to pivot correctly. 

    With all this taken into account, the resulting boards look like this, with a very small margin for error.

    Printing out the PCB designs at 1:1 scale alongside 3D models of the parts they needed to fit into helped give more confidence that everything should fit.

  • Initial research & feasibility questions

    Theremin Hero09/21/2025 at 17:50 0 comments

    The information on the internal design of the LEGO kit is currently limited to two images, which don't provide enough information. Contacting the original designer of the LEGO kit may be the best option to gather dimension information.

    Determining the feasibility requires the following questions are be answered:

    What space is made available inside the LEGO kit when the existing cartridge and lenticular screen is removed?

    Is there space under the button mechanism to insert a PCB with membrane conductive pads?

    There seems to be a physical separation between the screen area and the button area. Is it possible to run wires or ribbon cables between these two areas?

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