For my prototype I am using an array of hc-sr04's coupled with a pressure feedback array. Having researched the easier option of vibration feedback the risk of a forehead equivalent of 'vibration white finger' would damage the heads sensitivity and render any such device useless. Vibrations would interfere with the users hearing and any bulk or weight would be uncomfortable for long periods. The reason for the sr04s rather than a kinect type sensor is range, cost and openness. I want this to be a $20 device although I am not opposed to the possibility of a more advanced model later. Drawings and updates to come. Also worth mentioning, I need people in south Wales to try out prototypes as I build them.
You might be interested to know Eagleman is building off the research of Paul Bach-y-Rita who worked on the Brain Port. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainport
Also, Eagleman just put out his findings on optimal spacing of the actuators to individuate them on the back. My guess is that will be of relevance to your research too. Here's a bit from a paper I wrote with citations.
"One area where this is happening is in research into sensory substitution and multi-modal experiences which replace and expand our current sensory systems. Research in the field Neuroscience by Eagelman and Novich couples sensory substitution with sound and haptics to convey visual information. Their research reveals how to convey precise visual information through the positioning of vibrotactile feedback for optimum results on the lower back [4]. Research from the University of Pennsylvania points to the benefits of using spatially distributed tactiles for the rehabilitation of Apraxic stroke patients who struggle to process visual information.Using a wearable tactile sleeve they combine virtual reality with spatially positioned tactile feedback to reinforce the visual feedback of motion. [5]"
Eaglemanm, D. M. and Novich, S. D. Using space and time to
encode vibrotactile information: toward an estimate of the skin’s achievable
throughput. Experimental Brain Research,
vol. 233, no. 10, pp. 2777-2788, Oct, 2015.
Kapur, P., Jensen, M., Buxbaum, L. J. et al. Spatially distributed tactile feedback for kinesthetic motion guidance. In Haptics Symposium, 2010 IEEE, vol., no., pp.519-526, 25-26 March, 2010.
http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1229&context=meam_papers