There are a surprising list of APIs for both drug info and barcode lookups. I thought I would put a list of some of the APIs I'm looking into...mostly so I don't forget which ones I have found to be the most useful. The ones in bold seem to have the most promise so far.

Pill shape identification:

http://drugid.info/

http://www.goodrx.com/pill-identifier

http://rximage.nlm.nih.gov/docs/doku.php

http://pillbox.nlm.nih.gov/developer.html

Barcode lockup database:

http://www.product-open-data.com/download/

http://www.searchupc.com/api/

https://www.datakick.org/api

https://www.outpan.com

Pharmacy APIs

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/api/

http://www.goodrx.com/developer#drug-info-api

https://developer.walgreens.com/apis