electronicsworkshopsIntroduction
In this project, we are going to make a simple lipo battery charger using TP4056 module with battery protection. The circuit that charges the battery by supplying the charge carrier (i.e-electrons) to it is battery charger circuit. Most of the rechargeable battery has common problem of over charging and over discharging. we need a smart charging solution that protects our battery from over charging and damage cause by over charging.
This lithium battery charger circuit automatically cut off the charging process when the full charge limit of battery is reached (i.e-4.2V) . This circuit also protect our battery from over discharging by automatically cutting the output power when the battery voltage falls below 2.4 volt.
PCB Manufacturer
JLCPCB is quite professional in the field of PCB manufacturing; you can try their services at extremely low prices, Only 2 dollars for 5 PCBs , besides this the new members also get a bonus Coupon.
You can now upload the Gerber File to the Website and place an order. The PCB quality is superb & high standard. That is why most of people trust JLCPCB for PCB & PCBA Services.
You Will get FREE prototype pcb from JLCPCB. So do not be late to register and place your first order from JLCPCB.
If you want to order your pcb from jlcpcb just go through the link below:
https://jlcpcb.com/EWS
Bill Of Materials
| Value | Reference | Quantity |
| U1 | TP4056 | 1 |
| IC1 | DW01A | 1 |
| Q1 | FS8205A | 1 |
| RV1 | 1K pot | 1 |
| R1-R6 | 0.4, 220, 100, 1KOhms | few |
| C1, C2 | 100nF, 10uF | few |
| D1, D2 | 3 mm led | 2 |
TP4056 Chip
The TP4056 is a complete chip for designing a constant-current/constant-voltage linear charger for single cell lithium-ion batteries.
Features
Programmable Charge Current Up to 1000mA
Constant-Current/Constant-Voltage
Preset 4.2V Charge Voltage with 1.5% Accuracy
Automatic Recharge
Two Charge Status Output Pins
Pin Description
Pin Description of TP4056
Circuit Diagram of Lipo charger using TP4056 with out protection unit
Power Pin
Starting with the power pin, Pin 4 is Positive input supply voltage. We can provide voltage from 4V to 8V in this pin. In this project, we are providing 5V from any external source to this pin. For bypassing unwanted voltage spikes and noise, a capacitor is also connected from Vcc to ground. However the large value of capacitor (C1 -10uF) need to decouple with a series resistor(shown as resistor R3 in the circuit diagram) of 0.2 ohms to 0.5 ohms which reduces the ripple voltage.
Pin 3 of this pin is connected to ground which mean to sayo, this pin has been directly connected to the supply voltage to enable the IC. that negative terminal of battery is connected to this point as a common ground.
Pin 8 of TP4056 is chip enable pin. A high input to this pin enables the chip and low input disables this chip. In our case, we have directly connected this pin to input power supply. so, our chip is enabled.
Programming pin
Pin 2 is very important pin of TP4056 form where we can set the charging current. The charging current plays a important role in charging a battery and it must be programmed according to the battery used. The main advantage of using this TP4056 chip is we can program the charging current by selecting the proper resistor as per our requirements.
The Programming resistor with corresponding current value shown in the table below :
The value of program Resistor can be calculated by using the below formula
RPROG = (Vprog/ Ibat)* 1200 (Icharge =1A and VPROG = 1V)
Charge Indication Pins
The charge pin or pin 7 of TP4056 is use to indicate the charging process of the battery. This pin goes to the low state while the battery is charging otherwise it remains in high impedance. A Red LED is connected with a resistance (R2) in series to this pin for the visual indication of the charging process.
The STDBY pin or pin 6 is used to indicate the full charge of the battery. This pin goes to the low state while the battery is fully charged otherwise it remains in high impedance.
The resistor R1 and R2 is used to limit the flow of current from the LED.
The Led indication is shown in the figure below:
Output Pin
The BAT pin or Pin 5 is connected to the positive terminal of battery. This BAT pin provides the regulated 4.2V and charging current to the battery. In this circuit, a capacitor is connected in parallel with the BAT pin which connects to the ground for bypassing unwanted voltage spikes and noise.
Working Principle and Working modes
This chip TP4056 operates is 4 different modes. We can observe these mode from the following graph.
1) Trickle mode
When the battery voltage is less than 2.8V then the IC will enter in trickle charge mode to bring the voltage of the battery in safe mode. In this mode, the charging current (value of current by which battery will be charged) reduces to 13% (Typ 130mA) of the full-scale current. When the battery voltage reaches above trickle voltage (Vtrickle(2.9V) + Delta Vtrickle (0.08V)), the IC enters in constant current mode.
2) Constant Current Mode
The current flowing out of the PROG pin will be constant. This current is used to charge the battery and is called charging current. In this experiment, this charging current is 1A (Icharge) (as set by the programmable resistor at pin 2) and the battery will be charged through this constant current of 1A until the terminal voltage of the battery will reach its maximum rated voltage (4.2 V).
3) Constant voltage mode
when the battery voltage has reached peak value of 4.2 V then the battery voltage tries to exceed the 4.2 V. Then, the IC will not allow more current to flow through the battery. The current in this mode will slowly start dropping down by maintaining a constant voltage of 4.2 V at the battery.
4) Standby mode
The IC automatically stops the charging when the charge current drops to 1/10Th of the programmed current/charging current after the maximum voltage (4.2 V) of the battery is reached.
In this mode, the IC will draw maximum 100uA current as per the datasheet.
5) Shut down mode
When the RPROG Pin is not connected and the input voltage is less than battery voltage then the IC will be in shutdown mode.
Circuit Diagram of Lipo charger using TP4056 with protection unit
The Lipo Charger Circuit using TP4056 with protection unit contains the following things as a complete module:
This module uses the TP4056 Li-ion charge controller IC and a separate DW01A Li-ion battery protection IC which provides the following features:
1) Over-discharge protection :
If the battery voltages drops below the healthy minimum voltage of the battery that is 2.4V. The module automatically cut output power from the battery until the battery voltage has been re-charged above 3.0V (the over-discharge release voltage). Although the module cuts output power from the battery during an over-discharge situation, it still allows charging of the battery to occur through the parasitic diode of the discharge control MOSFET (FS8205A Dual MOSFET).
2) Overcharge protection
This modules protects your battery by over charging by not allowing the charging current to flow across the battery when the maximum charging voltage(4.2V) is reached.
3) Overcurrent and short-circuit protection
The module will cut the output from the battery if the discharge rate exceeds 3A or if a short-circuit condition occurs.
Pcb of Current Adjustable Lipo Charger
3D of Current Adjustable Lipo Charger
3D of Current Adjustable Lipo Charger
