IMPORTANT

Currently, KiCad-designed boards have origin point problems. This manifests as board appearing outside the outline upon drag&drop, thus, "not geting added" (though it's there).

To fix this, add an "origin point for drill and pick&place files" (badly named, for sure). This guy over at KiCad forums places it in the upper left corner of the boards, I confused left and right for a second, so the picture shows me being about to place it in the upper right corner:

After that, you can export Gerbers and don't worry about them "disappearing".

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Here's my usual gerber generation workflow in KiCad:

• Open PCB in CvPCB
• Menu -> Plot

I use these settings for Gerber plotting:

Note the "auxiliary axis" setting, it's necessary for proper export

Then press the "Generate Drill File" button and generate a "Drill File". Here are the settings I used, the one you absolutely need is circled red: