The Arduino Uno is dependent on a microprocessor. The word "UNO" is an Italian word meaning one. The name was selected to commemorate the imminent introduction of the Arduino Uno Board 1.0 microprocessor board. By getting this board hooked up to the PC, all of these would be of great assistance to the microprocessor for future functioning. An AC to DC adapter, a Universal Serial Bus connection, or a battery could all be utilized in attempts at getting this board powered up. In this article, you would be getting a detailed explanation as to what an Arduino Uno is, the steps to get it programmed, and the ways it is currently utilized.

What is Arduino UNO?

Arduino UNO is an affordable, versatile, and simple to utilize programmable microprocessor board that may be utilized in numerous electrical applications. This board could operate relays, servos, and motors as the outcome and could be interfaced with other boards. 

Components for Arduino UNO

• ATmega328: The software is kept here because it serves as the brain of the board. 

• Ground Pin: It possesses some in-built ground pins.

• PWM: There are six PWM pins featured on the board.

• Digital I/O Pins: It possesses fourteen digital (0 - 13) I/O pins that could be utilized to link external electronic parts. 

• Analogue Pins: It possesses six analogue pins built in. They are capable of reading analogue detectors and getting them converted to digital indicators.

• AREF: It is utilized when setting up an outside reference voltage.

• Reset Button: The code entered into the board would undergo reset whenever you hit this button. The button is important whenever the board starts hanging; hitting it restores the board to its original condition. 

• USB Interface: The USB interface is responsible for getting the board into a connection with the PC and allows the Arduino sketches to be uploaded. 

• DC Power Jack: It is utilized whenever you are attempting to get a supply for power into a connection with the board.

• Power LED: Whenever you have gotten the board set up to possess a connection with the supply for power, this part will start illuminating. 

• Micro SD Card: It accepts this component, which expands the storage capacity of the board. 

• 3.3V: This pin is utilized for powering your designs at 3.3 V.

• 5V: It is utilized when making attempts at powering your designs.

• VIN: This denotes the V that has been applied into the board. 

• Voltage Regulator: It regulates the V that gets into the board.

• SPI: This simply represents Serial Peripheral Interface. This connection utilizes input and output pins: ten (Slave Select), eleven (Master Out Slave In), twelve (Master In Slave Out), and thirteen (Serial Clock).

• Tx/Rx: For the purpose of serial communication, the Tx and Rx pins are normally utilized. The Tx pin is the transmit pin as it is utilized for the purpose of sending organized data, whilst the Rx pin is the receive pin as it is normally utilized when receiving organized data. 

Pinout for the Arduino UNO 

Although there are numerous Arduino boards available on sale on the market, this board is the most widely utilized in the electrical industry. For a clearer comprehension, the pinout illustration is displayed in the diagram below: 

Arduino UNO Programming 

The Arduino UNO is simple to program, and even someone with barely any sort of technical skills may begin with it. You can get it programmed by utilizing the Arduino IDE software and that is an official software that was made by Arduino.cc. The program is a sketch, and it must be inserted into the board. It is nothing more than a set of commands that instructs the board on ways it can accomplish a particular task according to your specifications. 

Each Arduino sketch utilized for programming possesses two major components:

• void setup() – It is responsible for setting up the tasks that must be performed only for one time and are not repeated when you are attempting to set up the program. 
• void loop() – It is responsible for storing the commands that are going to be repeated until the successful shut down of the board. 

Characteristics of the Arduino Uno Board 

• It possesses a USB interface, which means a USB port was incorporated to the board to produce a serial connection alongside the PC. 
• It possesses an Atmega328 microprocessor with numerous functions that allows for higher frequency and quantity of commands during each cycle.
• Whenever you make a connection with this gadget and an external device, the in-built regulating feature of the board will try to ensure that the V is under control. 
• A reset pin is present on the board, that resets the entire board and restarts the running application. This pin comes in handy supposing the board hangs up in the middle of a running program; pressing this pin clears out everything from the program and restarts it.
• The six analog pins are tagged as A0 - A5 and possess a resolution of 10 bits. Their range is from 0 - 5V. They could undergo configuration to the greatest range utilizing analogReference() function and AREF pin.
• The board requires just 5V to begin and that could be obtained through a USB port or outside adapter; although, it could handle an outside power source of up to 12 V, which could be controlled and limited to 5 V or 3.3 V depending on the task's needs. 
• It possesses a total of 32 KB of flash memory. 
• 16 MHz for CLK Speed; 2 KB for SRAM; 1 KB for EEPROM. 

Applications for the Arduino UNO 

The Arduino boards could be utilized independently or in conjunction with other kinds of boards utilized in electrical projects. They can be utilized in the production of the things stated below:

• Traffic Light Countdown Timer
• Integrated systems
• Home Automation
• Industrial Internet of Things
• Medical Gadgets
• Emergency Railway Light Source

Conclusion

With Arduino UNO, anyone can customize and optimize depending on the amount of commands and jobs they plan on getting accomplished.