Introduction to Raspberry Pi 4

The present age is the age of speed and speed is life. The automatic section of engineering is playing a big role in speeding up life. Whose unique discovery is Raspberry pi. Raspberry pi is a series of small computers that have been developed in United Kingdom. Rasp is usually taught in school as a basic computer and as robotics at a slightly higher level. It is used in various fields such as robotics, weather stations, automatic control engineering, image processing, high simulation etc.

Generations:

Several generations of raspberry pi have been published so far, The names of almost all of them and their duration will be given below:

• A total of two first generation Raspberry Pi Model A and Raspberry Pi Model B were released in February 2012 and 2014 respectively.
• After that, Raspberry pi 2 was released in February 2015 featured a 900 MHZ 32-bit quad core  ARM Cortex-A7 processor with 1 GB RAM. 
• After that, Raspberry pi Zero was released in November 2015 featured with smaller size and reduced input/output(I/O). 
• After that, Raspberry pi 3 was released in February 2016 featured with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, having 802.11n WiFi, Bluetooth and USB boot capabilities on board.
• After that, Raspberry pi 4 was released in June 2019 featured with a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, having 802.11ac WiFi, Bluetooth 5, USB 2.0 , full gigabit Ethernet, USB 3.0 , 8 GB of RAM and dual- monitoring support via a pair of micro HDMI ports for up to 4K resolution. 
• After that, Raspberry pi 400 was released in November 2020 featured a custom board that is derived from the existing Raspberry pi 4 specifically remodelled with a keyboard attached.

Hardware: 

So here, from the diagram we can say that how many things are in the raspberry pi 4 as hardware component, it is clearly showing that the raspberry pi 4 is consist of input/output pins. Any kind of data or information or machine order has been received by the input pins and the output pins are the result that  is mean the result which we get from the machine processed in the CPU part and showed in the GPU part. The USB parts are also used here for input/output device.

Processors: 

Broadcom BCM2711 with a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, with 1 MB shared L2 cache is used in Raspberry pi 4.

Performance: 

As we have mentioned the generations of the raspberry pi with their hardware & processor specifications previously, from that the performance list will be described here, 

• Firstly, the raspberry pi 2 is almost 4-6 times more powerful than the raspberry pi 1 for its hardware & processor configuration.
• Secondly, the raspberry pi 3 is almost ten times more powerful than the raspberry pi 1 and almost 80% more faster than the raspberry pi 2 for its hardware & processor configuration.
• Thirdly, the raspberry pi 4 has almost three times more performance than the raspberry pi 3 for its hardware & processor configuration.

RAM: 

The Raspberry pi 4 Microprocessor Board is always available with 2, 4, 8 GB of RAM for conducting its performance.

Networking: 

The Raspberry pi 4 has the full gigabit Ethernet and Bluetooth 5 for its networking Unit.

General Purpose Input/Output Connectors: 

The Raspberry Pi 4 has 40 pins for the general purpose input/output connectors, the pins are described bellow- 

Software: 

Operating System: The Raspberry pi 4 is basically based on its own Raspberry PI OS which is known as Raspbian. A Debian based...

What is a 3D Printer? & How does it work?

What is a 3 D Printer?

    A 3D printer is a device that manufactures a product with the help of a three-dimensional model developed on any 3D modeling software, with the successive placement of layers of material the product is developed in few hours without any human interaction.  

It is just like an inkjet printer probably uses plastic besides ink to operate. The plastic is mostly thermoplastic and most typically either ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PLA (polylactic acid), or PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol).  Thermoplastics are melted at higher temperatures and become solid again when we cool them, they are used in making car and fridge interiors, and ABS is a quite popular material in the 3D printing industry because of their easy handling and shaping properties.

Plastic is not an essential material for 3D printing any material which is molten and becomes solid after cooling can be used for this purpose.

3D printing technology:

    3D printing has got tremendous popularity in a short time. The design is firstly prepared in the 3D model software that is probably a cad model or a 3D scan image. The 3D image is further Slices into layers, this layered model is readable by the 3D printer. The printer prints the structure in layered form as per the programming and the timer set.

There are a lot of 3D printers are available now and they have used in the industry in many domains ranging from auto part designing to building 3D printed houses. Depending upon functionality different types of materials are used in this printing technology. The material used for modeling is mostly molten plastic, cement, metals, and sand, but plastic is the most used material in this technology as mentioned earlier.

Working Principle of 3D printer:

    As we discussed earlier depending upon the functionality and the manufacturing products many 3D printer technologies are available in the market, some of them use powdered materials such as Nylon, Ceramic metal to get a product. In that type the material is first melted with the heaters at high temperature then they print the Product. 

While the second type is that which uses high polymer resign material for the production. In that type the resigns are melted by a high-frequency Laser beam. While some of them use the Droplets technique for this, they mostly use plastic as a manufacturing material, which is mentioned earlier. Researchers are working on the improvement and development of software to make it accessible and cheaper for industrial usage.

3D printing required a lot of pre-ranked before production, ranging from file 3 d File preparation to the Program and command given. Furthermore, some fishing might be necessary for some products. A complete 3D printing process is discussed below.

Process of 3D printing:

Stereolithography:   

Stereolithography is one of the famous 3D modeling technique in the modern era in which layers of solidified resign makes a complete structure. SL process consists of a Polymer resign With Laser beam technology. The Laser beam reacts with the Polymer resign to form a 3D Product. The Polymer resign is kept in a specific vessel having a moveable piston in it. That moveable piston helps draw complex designing and for finishing.

The Laser beam is directed towards the resigning so that resign solidifies where the laser beam touches with the resign and forms a specify shape. Specific coding is given to the Laser Emitter as per the shape we desired to manufacture. The laser is coded in such a way that it forms the shape in the layer structure, Consecutive layers form the complete model. For shapes where we need undercut ad overhangs that process is done manually.

DLP;

    DLP is known as digital light processing, it is similar to stereolithography. DLP Printing works with photopolymers, the major...

Introduction to Raspberry Pi Model B+

 A new pi:

      This is the Raspberry Pi 3 model b+ which is an incremental upgrade to the previous Raspberry Pi 3. We have the Raspberry Pi 3 model B+ and it's bright red but apparently non- reseal able cotton it doesn't open at the top. The Raspberry Pi 3 model b+ it's not in an anti-static bag.

Comparison between Raspberry Pi3 model B+ & Raspberry Pi3:

     The previous Raspberry Pi 3 and here it is and as we would expect the board's look very similar the Raspberry Pi 3 model b+ this after all an incremental upgrade of the previous Raspberry Pi 3.

• The main thing you probably notice straight away is that the system on a chip on the Raspberry Pi 3 model b+ has got a metal heat spreader on the top and this is for better thermal performance and in the whole board is designed for better thermal performance than the previous Raspberry Pi 3 so the idea is the heat doesn't focus in the system on a chip he does on the previous model the heat is dissipated across the whole board for this better thermal for phones.
•  One thing to note though is the Raspberry Pi 3 model b+ does use according to the Raspberry Pi foundation substantially more power than the previous Raspberry Pi 3  
• The official Raspberry Pi power supply for a two and a half hours we'll be using that to power the Raspberry Pi 3 model b+ now here we have the Raspberry Pi 3 model B+ in all of its.
•  The same as the previous Raspberry Pi 3 not least the recommended retail price is still $35.

Components of Raspberry Pi3 Model B+:

      Raspberry Pi we've still got a basic components are of them are listed below one by one:

• display connect 
• camera character we've still got one 
• Gigabyte of ddr2 memory and the system on the chip is also effectively the same it's an updated version
•  A BCM - 837b0 and there still contains as on the previous Raspberry Pi 3 a 64-bit 
• Quad-core arm cortex a53 CPU but the change here is it now clotted up to one point four gigahertz up from 1.2 gigahertz maximum  
• We've got dual band 80211 AC Wi-Fi and bluetooth 4.2 talk to your connectivity
• The end of the board we still have 4 USB 2 port and an Ethernet socket

Updated Raspbain:

       We've now got the Raspberry Pi 3 model B plus all connected up and running and here we are on the the raspbian desktop and when the first things to know there was a new version of raspbian which was launched alongside the Raspberry Pi 3 model B+ and indeed if we go to the Raspberry Pi to talk the raspbian there was a version which is a March 2018 .

GIMP Test:

           Comparative tests and we thought we'd start out using a test we've done many times before which is going into and applying a filter to a 3,000 by 2,000 pixel image so we've got this loaded in on both of the raspberry PI's the raspberry pi 3 and the rudders white suite model b+ here and we'll go to an edge detect and neon and we'll press ok exactly same moment on each machine but we'll actually scales things down first you can see them both together and I'll press ok and we'll see which one is going to win I strongly suspect it is going to be yes it's going to be the rush by three model B plus and there we are the Raspberry Pi 3 model B plus really is faster when the previous must be P.

Sysbench Test:   

       We now going to run a comparative test of both process of power and thermal performance and to do this we are going to run this batch script on both versions of the Raspberry Pi 3 and this is a script you may remember I've used previously when I've been looking at so we'll perform it on a Raspberry Pi 3 and looking at those cooling solutions and what this basically does has a nice little loop which you set up and inside the loop it takes a measurement...